Which part of the eye consists of nerve cells that transmit light impulses to the optic nerve?

The retina is the part of the eye that contains specialized nerve cells, known as photoreceptors, which are responsible for converting light into electrical signals. These signals are then transmitted to the optic nerve, which sends visual information to the brain for processing. The retina functions much like the film in a camera, capturing images and playing a crucial role in vision.

The photoreceptors within the retina are of two main types: rods, which are sensitive to light and help us see in low-light conditions, and cones, which detect color and are responsible for sharp vision in well-lit environments. This structure allows the retina to play a vital role in our ability to perceive and interpret the world around us, making it the correct answer to the question regarding which part of the eye transmits light impulses to the optic nerve.

In contrast, the iris controls the amount of light entering the eye but does not process visual information. The lens focuses light onto the retina but does not contain nerve cells. The cornea protects the eye and also assists in focusing light but, like the lens, does not play a direct role in transmitting light impulses.